Ground-mounted solar systems offer several advantages over roof-mounted arrays. These include optimizing panel positioning for enhanced sun exposure, increased efficiency in hot temperatures, and easy maintenance during snowy conditions.
Ground mounts are especially advantageous for off-grid setups to maximize performance during winter months. Solar ground mounts are also compatible with bifacial solar panels, which can capture reflected light on their backside for improved performance.
However, ground-mounted solar arrays come with extra requirements and costs compared to their roof-mounted counterparts.
Installation involves excavation, concrete foundations, and a trench for the power line. A large, clear area around the panels is crucial to prevent shading from nearby trees, buildings, or power poles.
Electrical code authorities may mandate the installation of a fence or barrier to limit access to ground-mounted solar panels.
The most appropriate solar ground-mount structure depends on several factors, including the type of ground (rocky or soil), slope, wind exposure, interest in future expansion, aesthetic preference, preference for high- or low-profile, and the need for adjustability.
Mono-pole (Top-of-pole) mounts are individual steel structures on a single, 6- or 8-inch diameter steel post. These are typically configured for 9-, 12- or 16-panels each, though many options are available in multiples of 3, 4, or 5 including continuous assemblies using more than one pole. They are constructed with steel, painted, and durable enough to withstand winds at a high tilt setting.
Pro: adjustable tilt (hand crank)
Pro: can be tilted to a high angle
Pro: can be built tall for additional ground clearance
Pro: more aesthetically pleasing
Pro: works well on sloped ground
Pro: can be used as a canopy/carport
Con: relatively higher material cost
Mono-pole (or Top-of-pole):
Multi-pole mounts are built using 1-1/2-inch galvanized steel pipe. In open areas exposed to wind, they are typically installed in multiples of three (three-high) in landscape orientation, but they can be taller (four-high) in protected areas.
Pro: slightly lower cost of materials
Pro: option to install on a concrete pad
Pro: can be a continuous, unbroken assembly (on flat ground)
Pro: lower profile
Pro: they work well on a south-facing slope
Con: less favorable on east-west sloping ground
Con: limited pitch (typically 35 degrees)
Con: the pitch is not adjustable
Multi-pole:
